Computer is not the creation of one day, rather it took a long period for the development of modern computer. History of computer is described in this table.
|
Invention |
Inventor |
Characteristics |
Applications |
|
Abacus 1602 |
China |
ü First mechanical calculating device. ü A horizontal rod represents the one, tens, hundred, etc. |
ü Used for addition and subtraction operations. ü Calculation of square roots can also be performed. |
|
Napier’s Bones 1617 |
John Napier (Scotland) |
ü Three dimensional structure. ü Holding numbers from 0 to 9 only. ü Represent graphical structure of calculating result. |
ü Perform multiplication on numbers. ü Technology used for calculation called Rabdologia. |
|
Pascaline 1642 |
Blaise
Pascal (France) |
ü First mechanical adding machine. ü It was structured like rectangular box, with eight disc
(represent number of units). |
ü Perform addition and subtraction of two numbers. ü Mainly designed with regard to the pressure of liquid. |
|
Jacquard’s Loom 1801 |
Joseph Marie Jacquard (France) |
ü Mainly weaved a silk based pattern. ü Used punched card for the
sequence of operation.
|
ü Simplified
the process of Textiles. |
|
Analytical Engine 1837 |
Charles
Babbage (Father of Computer) (London) |
ü First general-purpose computer. ü Stored program in the form of ‘pegs’ also called barrels. |
ü It was a decimal machine used sign and
magnitude for representation of a number. |
|
Tabulating Machine 1890 |
Herman Hollerith (America) |
ü It used punched cards with round holes. ü It was the first electromechanical machine, designed to process the data for census in 1890. |
ü Read
one card at a time. |
|
MARK-1 1944 |
Howard
Aiken (America) |
ü Consists of interlocking panels of small glass, counters,
switches and control circuits. ü Data can be entered manually. |
ü Mainly used in the war effort during World War-II. ü Magnetic drums are used for storage. |
|
ENIAC 1946 |
JP Eckert and JW Mauchly (America) |
ü It is a combination of twenty accumulators. ü First electronic digital computer. |
ü Used
for weather prediction, atomic energy calculation and other scientific uses. |
|
EDSAC 1949 |
John
Von Neumann (America) |
ü It was first computer which provided storage capacity. ü First computer program was run on machine. |
ü Capable of storing instructions and data in memory. ü Used mercury delay lines for memory, vacuum tubes for logic. |
|
UNIVAC 1951 |
J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly (America) |
ü First
general-purpose electronic computer with large amount of input and output. |
ü Used
magnetic tapes as input and output. |
|
IBM-650 Computer 1953 |
IBM
Company |
ü Provided input/output units converting alphabetical
and special characters to two-digit decimal code. |
ü
Payroll processing ü
Oil refinery design ü
Market research analysis |
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